Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, disrupting normal function and often causing chronic inflammation. While these conditions are widely known to affect joints, skin, and internal organs, fewer people realize that autoimmune diseases can also impact oral health. From gum health to dry mouth, the mouth often reflects what’s happening in the rest of the body. Understanding this connection can help patients with autoimmune conditions protect their oral health and overall well-being.
How Autoimmune Diseases Affect the Mouth
The immune system plays a vital role in maintaining balance in the mouth. When it becomes overactive or misdirected, several oral health challenges can arise:
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
Many autoimmune conditions, such as Sjögren’s syndrome and lupus, reduce saliva production. Saliva is essential for neutralizing acids, washing away food particles, and protecting enamel. Without enough saliva, patients are more prone to cavities, gum disease, and oral infections.
Gum Inflammation and Disease
Autoimmune disorders often trigger inflammation throughout the body, and the gums are no exception. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can increase the risk of gum disease, which in turn may worsen systemic inflammation. This creates a cycle that affects both oral and overall health.
Mouth Ulcers and Lesions
Painful sores in the mouth are a common symptom of several autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and lupus. These ulcers can make eating, speaking, and brushing teeth uncomfortable, further complicating oral hygiene.
Changes in Tooth and Bone Health
Some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis, may lead to difficulty brushing and flossing due to limited mobility or joint pain. Others can weaken bone density, including the jawbone, which supports teeth. This may increase the risk of tooth loss if not carefully managed.
The Role of Medications
Autoimmune diseases are often treated with medications that suppress or regulate the immune system. While necessary, these drugs can have side effects that impact oral health, including dry mouth, gum overgrowth, or higher susceptibility to infections like oral thrush. This makes regular dental monitoring especially important for patients managing autoimmune conditions.
Protecting Your Oral Health
If you live with an autoimmune disease, there are steps you can take to safeguard your smile:
- Stay consistent with dental visits: Routine checkups help catch problems early.
- Maintain diligent oral hygiene: Brush with fluoride toothpaste twice daily, floss daily, and use alcohol-free mouthwash.
- Manage dry mouth: Sip water frequently, chew sugar-free gum, or use saliva substitutes recommended by your dentist.
- Communicate with your healthcare team: Let your dentist know about your autoimmune diagnosis and medications so they can tailor your care.
- Watch for warning signs: Persistent sores, gum bleeding, or sudden tooth sensitivity should be evaluated promptly.
Autoimmune diseases and oral health are closely connected. These conditions can cause unique challenges in the mouth, but with proactive care and professional support, patients can maintain strong, healthy smiles. By working closely with both your medical and dental providers, you can better manage symptoms, prevent complications, and protect your overall health.
About the Practice
Has it been 6 months or longer since your last dental checkup? If so, Flenniken Dentistry would be happy to provide you with preventive care. We’ll give you a thorough exam and a professional cleaning and can also provide services like dental sealants, TMJ/bruxism therapy, and more! Come see why we’re a trusted provider of kind, compassionate dental care. Schedule your appointment online or call (717) 249-7777.
